15 Quick Tips for a Better ACT Score

Until you actually hit that 36, there’s always room to improve your ACT score. And there are so many ways to reach for that 36. Here are 15 quick tips for a better ACT score. Tip # 1: Take full practice tests You don’t really know the ACT until you’ve done a full practice run. You can take whole mock tests on the official ACT website, or through a reputable third-party company like Magoosh ACT. Tip # 2: Practice reading some charts and tables The ACT is big on visual literacy: the ability to read charts and tables. You’ll find a lot of charts and tables in ACT Math. And these kinds of infographics really dominate ACT Science. So get in some practice reading with visually organized information. Tip # 3: Practice writing Put on your â€Å"writer’s hat.† Do some practice journaling, compose some emails, write on social media. And of course, take your high school writing assignments seriously. Do all you can to become an experienced writer so you can shine on the ACT Essay. Tip # 4: Look at some example ACT Essays One of the best ways to improve your writing is to look at example writing from others. So it’s a good idea to look at some model ACT Essays. If the model essay comes with a writing tutorial, like this ACT example essay does, all the better. Tip # 5: Be punctuation conscious Periods, commas, semi-colons, and so on are tiny marks. But they can have a big impact on your ACT score. ACT English focuses a lot on punctuation, and poor punctuation can also derail your ACT Essay. Tip # 6: Read like a critic â€Å"Everyone’s a critic,† as they say. Join the bandwagon! When you read, really think about the decisions the writer made. What is the writer trying to say? Who is the writer’s intended audience? Did the writer do a truly good job? This kind of critical reading will help you in ACT Reading and ACT English. Tip # 7: Time your reading You’ve got less than 9 minutes to go through an ACT Reading passage and answer 10 questions about the passage. This requires fast, efficient reading. Time your ACT Reading practice and make sure you’re inside the time limits. Tip # 8: Use reading strategies Learn how to look for content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) that help you understand the most important meaning in a passage. Tip # 9: Review some very basic science terms For ACT Science, you may need to know the names of common compounds (H2O, carbon, etc†¦), scientific names for well-known plants and animals, and common science vocabulary from high school textbooks. Brush up on those science basics. Tip # 10: On ACT Math, estimate! One of the great things about multiple choice math questions is that you don’t need to calculate the exact answer. In ACT Math, the exact answer is already there, among the answer choices. To get to the answer quickly, estimate rather than doing exact calculations. Tip # 11: Study the common ACT Math topics The math on the ACT falls into three broad categories: pre-algebra, algebra, and geometry. Within these categories are a number of other question types. You can go to the Magoosh High School Blog to read up on ACT Math topics. Tip # 12: Don’t lean on your calculator You can use a calculator in ACT Math. But excessive calculator use can actually hurt your score, slowing you down and causing you to make mistakes. Always use mental math on the ACT when possible. Tip # 13: Use multiple choice strategies With the exception of the ACT Essay, the ACT is a multiple choice test. And multiple choice questions should be approached with strategy. As you learn how to deal with ACT multiple choice, this article on ACT multiple choice strategy is a great place to start. Tip 14: Make a good study plan Treat your ACT target score as a long-term goal, one that you carefully plan for. Not sure how to lay out your study plan? No problem! This web page of possible ACT Study schedules can give you some ideas.Tip 15: Set the right test date The ACT is offered on fixed dates throughout the year. Look at a list ofthe 2017 and 2018 ACT test dates. The list also comes with advice on how to choose an ACT test date that meets your study needs.

social class and dirty dancing essays

social class and dirty dancing essays Gender And Sexuality Play A Key Part Within The Film Dirty Dancing. Discuss. The film is set in the year of 1963, John F Kennedy was still president and the Vietnam War was not considered a threat, the Beatles had yet not reached America and the Freedom riders were on. In reality the well known and loved, cult girly film, and classic romance was made in 1987. There have been many attempts throughout the film to represent the time in which it was set and yet there are clear indications that the film is of a more modern make. Essentially the film could be classed as both a dancing film and a romance in its genre. It aims to demythologise the myth of the American dream by portraying fundamental rifts within societies thinking. The idea of a relationship occurring between the workers (working class) and upper classes is not a new subject, yet it is obvious that many issues raised within the film, show a deep argument about moral ideas posed by sex. The film opens with a stirring sound track with the montage of suggestive images in black and white gyrating across the screen. The viewer from the opening scenes maybe has an idea why the film is called dirty dancing. Right from the beginning it is clear that the majority of dancers are young, Caucasian, heterosexual couples. Within the view there is one black couple dancing with each other. Everybody appears to be equal in role when dancing. There is no swapping of partners and throughout the rest of the film each couple is for the majority, firmly set with that partner. The action begins with a Cadillac driving along a deserted road and a voice over explaining the year and name of the main character. Immediately we are alerted that the young girl is called Baby. The audience is also immediately aware of the desire of the character to have a man exactly like her father. The voice-over explains that and I thought I would never find a man as... [good] as ...

How to create a hop farm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to create a hop farm - Research Paper Example The most essential ingredient to aid the process of brewing beer are hops. These are as important as malt. Apart from adding to the overall taste and the aroma of the beer, hops have a large number of anti-bacterial properties and aid the production of clearer beer by eliminating many unwanted proteins. According to Simmonds (2007), â€Å"Hops have a powerful, agreeable odor and biter taste; they appear to consist of an acid, ethereal oil, an aromatic resin, wax, extractive and a bitter principal called lupulin.† Apart from this, they also are utilized as a diuretic in herbal medicine and allow brewer’s yeast to perform its function by acting like an antibiotic and preventing the growth of other dominating undesirable microorganisms. Dried female fruit called ‘strobiles’ of a plant that is a kind of climbing herb and belonging to the family Moraceae or scientifically known as Humulus lupulus are called hops. These are perennial plants that are pretty tough and hardy the hop vines called ‘bines’ can reach a height of even twenty-five feet to even fifty feet and weigh nearly twenty pounds. Hops need a relatively moderate climate and during the initial stages of growth need a good quantity of sun for at least six to eight hours to attain a good height. They are grown from foot long root-cuttings commonly referred to as ‘rhizomes’ and these are easily available in the market and can even be ordered online. These rhizomes are those of the female plant and need to be planted around four inches below the soil leaving a gap of around one and a half to three feet between each rhizome with all the exposed buds facing the soil surface. Generally, it is sensible and highly recommended to grow them in a South facing area. Just like all other plants of its kind, these plants need very well aerated nutritious soil with a good drainage. Rhizome-based cultivation always results in very fast root growth and therefore

Choose a business whose main focus is in the manufacture of renewable Essay

Choose a business whose main focus is in the manufacture of renewable energy technology - Essay Example Aelos Wind Turbine Company may undertake strategic decisions such as defining the objective and policies of the company. Executives of the company are relegated with the task of analysing new markets and consequently designing new marketing strategies (Panneersalvam, 2006, p.2). They acknowledged the increasing demand in the wind energy industry; thus, they decided to offer their products to different countries. In addition, they have created alternative approaches to manufacturing. These executives established a long-term strategy that ensures sufficient financing. They focused on improving the technical features of the product. Lastly, executives at Aelos Wind Turbine Company designed strategies for recruitment, training, benefits, and salary. These are considered as strategic decisions as it determines the purpose, goal, and direction of the business organization (Panneersalvam, 2006, p.2). Meanwhile, tactical decisions are performed at the middle management level. Tactical decisions of Aelos Wind Turbine Company may include determining a suitable plant location, new product establishment, monitoring of budget, and acquisition of resources. Executives compare the overall performance of the company to the standard marketing plan. They analyzed summary reports that compare standard performance or overall plan for productions (Panneersalvam, 2006, p.2). In addition, they are concerned with information on actual versus the budgeted cost of error rates and processing accounting data. Lastly, these executives concentrate in variance analysis of firing and hiring, cost of training, and cost of recruitment (Panneersalvam, 2006, p.2). These decisions can be considered as tactical as those only affect a single department in the company. These decisions are frequently made by middle managers, which include heads of the departments (Panneersalam, 2006, p.2). Lastly, operational decisions are undertaken on the bottom management level. The operational decisions

In this task, you will explore the process of selecting a research Assignment

In this task, you will explore the process of selecting a research topic. You may use journal articles, scholarly books, and dis - Assignment Example University of Southampton: Mathematical Sciences: databases & indexes Two additional keywords i. Teaching methods ii. Curriculum Key words that yielded the most useful searches i. Misconception ii. Area and perimeter D. Annotated bibliography for five sources identified in your search. Carle, S. (1993). Student Held Misconceptions Regarding Area and Perimeter of Rectangles. Boston: University of Massachusetts. This source focuses on the misconceptions of students in relation to area and perimeter of rectangles. Carle (1993) describes that students enter classroom with personal schemas, anchored in their ideas and experiences, which impact on their interpretation, reception, and recollection of new information. The author’s essentially recommends that the teachers should understand the impacts of such schemas. The author observes that the students manipulate and apply information without difficulties in class, only to forget the content after a while. Consequently, misconceptio ns are entangled into schemas, hence obstructing with the reception of information. Furthermore, the author discusses a framework including Anderson's theory of memory, taxonomy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities, Ennis' definition of critical thinking and cognitive psychology. ... The author has explained how the process of identification starts with pre-test analysis, which has five misconceptions including spatial bias, Equality Assumptions, Conversion Conclusion, Increase/Decrease assumption, and Fallacy of multiples. Disclosure of different types of misconceptions has a direct implication on the current study, which primarily deals with the way such misconceptions affect students’ understanding of area and perimeter formulas. Also useful from this source are the several theories that the author has explained which can help teachers in establishing the process of getting rid of misconception as well as initiating education change – this information can help in formulation the solution and recommendation in the current area of study. Although this source has some very relevant information that relates to the current topic, its usefulness is somewhat limited because it was published two decades ago, and many things have since changed. Therefore, its relevance is subject to further investigations on the more recent studies, to find out if any substantial changes have occurred in connection with the author’s findings. The author concludes the thesis by noting that the multi-faceted framework is very useful in investigating ways of building lessons, while focusing on elimination of particular misconceptions. Furthermore, the author makes suggestions on the manner in which the current innovative educational methods can be improved to aid students in understanding of formulas and mathematics in general. I reacted very positively to this source, because I found its multi-faced framework of investigating students’

Early Childhood Mathematics Teaching

Early Childhood Mathematics Teaching Mathematics is one subject that unleashes deep-seated memories for many people. Most of these memories include the learning of mathematical concepts and skills. Such learning may either be fulfilling or frustrating for learners, as Math covers a wide variety of degrees of difficulty. That is why an effective Math teacher can have so much influence over students in learning and even loving the subject. An effective Math teacher should be able to model to her students her enthusiasm for the discipline that she takes teaching it seriously while according due respect to her learners who may not exhibit the same level of competencies for the subject. Preschool is a time when children may first encounter mathematical lessons, however, much recent research has indicated that preschool children have the ability to understand a variety of mathematical concepts even prior to entering kindergarten (Klein, Stakey, Clements, Sarama, Lyer, 2008; Clement Sarama, 2007). That is why early childhood programs are increasingly required to implement mathematics instruction in classrooms because of young childrens early mathematical knowledge. Development of early math skills provides the foundation for later learning (Clements Sarama, 2008; NAEYC NCTM, 2008; Lee Ginsburg, 2008). According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, the quality of mathematical education in early childhood plays an important part in the childs understanding of possibly difficult math concepts (Loop, 2009). Although there had been many studies pertaining to patterns of mathematical teaching in preschool, there is a lack of research on how teachers of Math perceive how young children learn Math and even what to teach in accordance to the developmental level of their learners. This current study draws much inspiration and idea from the work of Platas (2008) entitled Measuring Teachers Knowledge of Early Mathematical Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom. Platas was able to measure the knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom of preschool teachers using developed and validated survey instruments and statistical analysis (2008). There was a significant variation in the knowledge and beliefs of early childhood teachers on age-appropriateness of math instruction, classroom locus of generation of mathematical knowledge, math versus socio-emotional development and the comfort level in providing the instruction. The instrument used in the research has been found to be helpful for the preparation of prospective Math teachers as well as for the professional development of current Math educators. Platas work has raised many issues and beliefs regarding the developmental knowledge of preschoolers. Such issues include age-appropriateness of mathematical instruction used by teachers in preschools, the extent of learning of such mathematical concepts taught, the purpose of teaching math concepts in preschool and the comfort level of teachers when they introduce such math concepts to preschool children (Clement Sarama, 2007; Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004; Platas, 2008). DEFINITION OF TERMS: Belief covers all the matters of which we have no sure knowledge and yet  which we are sufficiently confident of to act upon and also the matters that we  now accept as certainly true, as knowledge, but which nevertheless may be  questioned in the future (Dewey, 1933, p. 6). early mathematical development the increasingly complex mathematical constructions and goals that young children develop and pursue in their activities (Platas, 2008, p.3). In-service preschool teachers teachers who are currently teaching in the  preschool level of education. Pre-service preschool teachers aspiring teachers of early childhood education  who are qualified to teach but have not yet gained any teaching experience. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many national and state organizations have provided teachers with guidelines to help improve mathematics instruction for young children. Forty-six states have comprehensive learning standards for preschool children (Barett et al., 2008). Furthermore, national organizations such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) have developed specific recommendations related to high quality mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom (NAEYC NCTM, 2006). As the NCTM and NAEYC proclaimed, importance in the learning and development of mathematical skills and knowledge is important in building the foundation of mathematical development of preschool children. However, some early learning programs do not focus on high quality mathematics instruction despite research supporting early mathematics experiences influencing mathematical outcomes later in school and promoting school readiness skills in mathe matics (Lopez, Gallimore, Garnier, Reese, 2007; Slaby, Loucks, Stelwagon, 2005). Other remarkable studies showed that there are many activities involved in teaching mathematics to young children and this would involve knowledge about the subject matter, pedagogical content knowledge, lecturing, introduction of symbolism, and connecting everyday experience to abstract ideas (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This would imply the need to effectively train teachers of early mathematics. There are many significant studies in line with early childhood education but little information is revealed about the teaching of early mathematics (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This gap in research in mathematics education calls for the need to be filled especially in the area of teachers knowledge development and beliefs in teaching math in preschool. The only remarkable research in the area of teachers knowledge on preschool mathematical development is that of Platas (2008). Platas suggested in her recommendations, further study is still needed in the area taking into consideration a larger sample size and other necessary adjustments (2008). The need for preschool children to be provided with high quality early childhood programs calls for competent educators in general. Specific to this study, competent math teachers concerned with the development of mathematical ability of preschoolers are the qualifications demanded. It is in this regard that early childhood educators in mathematics should create the basic foundation required in the education system. This can significantly create meaningful understanding on how pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics should handle and evaluate their teaching abilities and methods. However, it remains uncertain whether pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics have significantly the same knowledge of mathematical development and belief. Thus, it is important to evaluate their knowledge of development and belief about it so as to come up with a clear justification if there is a need to align their level of skills, knowledge and beliefs if necessary. Even though Platas (2008) was able to compare early childhood teachers based on their knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom, there was no comparison done between pre-service and in-service preschool teachers in this regard. The researcher believes that this research gap needs to be filled since future and current teachers knowledge and beliefs will inevitably create an impact in young childrens mathematical knowledge development. It would be interesting to determine if experience in teaching of in-service teachers have affected their knowledge and beliefs on mathematical knowledge development and beliefs or if they remain the same as their pre-service counterparts. Hence this study will analyze and review in-service teachers and pre-service preschool teachers understanding on mathematical knowledge development and beliefs PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the mathematical development and beliefs in preschool learning between in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. The comparison will gauge the need to enhance the teachers knowledge of mathematical development and beliefs in early childhood education. Further development of these teachers adeptness in mathematical knowledge as well as fine tuning their beliefs will be done in the backdrop of the literature in preschool math development. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The researcher will compare and evaluate in-service teachers and pre-service preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs of mathematical development and teaching. In order to find significant results for this, the researcher will try to answer the main research question at of the study: To what extent, if any, is there a difference between In-service teachers and pre- service preschool teachers with regard to their knowledge and beliefs of how to teach mathematics to preschool children? Specifically, the following sub-questions will be answered at the end of the study: What do the teachers think are the necessary concepts and skills preschoolers  need to learn in the area of math? What teaching methods do the teachers think are effective in teaching these mathematical concepts and skills? What are their beliefs regarding teaching math? HYPOTHESIS It is hypothesized that there are significant differences between the beliefs of in-service and pre-service preschool teachers on the basis of experience. Those who have experiences in the teaching mathematics will have a different perspective basing from their own experiences compared to those who have limited or no experience in teaching mathematics to preschool children. It is also hypothesized that there are significant differences in the knowledge of mathematical development between in-service and pre-service preschool teachers. REVIEW OF LITERATURE What Preschool Math Entails The study of Math incorporates the processes of questioning, reflecting, reasoning and proof. It is a powerful tool for solving familiar and unfamiliar problems both within and beyond mathematics. As such, it is integral to scientific and technological advances in many fields of endeavor (Brewer, 2001). The inclusion of Mathematics in the curriculum is aimed at developing students mathematical thinking, understanding, competence and confidence in the application of mathematics, their own creativity, enjoyment and appreciation of the subject and their engagement in lifelong learning (Board of Studies New South Wales, 2002) Apart from the skills developed from the study of Math, values and attitudes are likewise emphasized. Students get to appreciate mathematics as an essential and relevant part of life. They show interest and enjoyment in inquiry and the pursuit of mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding. Children demonstrate confidence in applying mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding to everyday situations and the solution of everyday problems. Math also aims to develop and demonstrate perseverance in undertaking mathematical challenges. Students recognise that mathematics has been developed in many cultures in response to human needs (Board of Studies New South Wales, 2002). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) identified high quality mathematics programs for early childhood as having the following characteristics: (Brewer, 2001, pp. 319-320) They build upon and extend childrens intuitive and informal mathematics knowledge They are grounded in knowledge of child development They provide environments that encourage children to be active learners, eager for new challenges They develop a strong conceptual framework that provides the foundation for skills acquisition They nurture and develop childrens inclination to solve problems. Math Teaching Strategies in Preschool Children learn much on their own. However, the question of whether certain math concepts should be deliberately taught by the teacher or just be freely learned by children through play is another issue in math learning (Clement Sarama, 2007; Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004; Platas, 2008). Shaftel, Pass and Schnabel (2005) agree that children are more motivated to learn even difficult lessons in Math or other subjects through instructional games and simulations rather than traditional classroom instruction. Games have been found to result in improved content retention over time, possibly because of the opportunity for more participation. Math games improved on-task behavior and achievement even for students with mild intellectual disabilities (Beattie Algozzine, 1982). What motivates children with math games is that it allows them many opportunities to reinforce current knowledge and to try out other strategies or techniques without fear of getting the wrong answer. Trial and error is always encouraged, making them more confident in taking risks (Shaftel, Pass and Schnabel, 2005). Math games provide students with an environment for experiencing incorrect answers not as mistakes but as necessary steps towards connecting pieces of knowledge together (Holton et al, 2001; Quinn et al, 1992). Practical games such as those involving knowledge about money should be tied to real-life experiences if mathematical learning is to be optimized. Simulations develop metacognitive skills for analyzing and organizing data, checking responses, justifying solutions to problems and applying mathematical knowledge to daily activities (Hopkins and Dorsey, 1992). Issues of Teachers Teaching Math in Preschool This study is also concerned about the commitment of teachers in teaching math to young children (OConnor, 2010).. It is essential to investigate if they know the value of teaching math concepts to preschoolers at a very young age, which math concepts to teach and if it is worth teaching such concepts. It would also be interesting to know how comfortable these teachers are in teaching Mathematics and what are their attitudes and insights towards it. Teachers derive their behaviors, attitudes and ethics from their own personal and professional philosophies on teaching. Gore (1997) analyzes how such a philosophy leads to ones development of a pedagogical approach. A school having its own philosophy should have their teachers who hold the same beliefs. Alignment of their philosophy is essential for harmony. Gore (1997) claims that systematic and disciplined observations of pedagogy are necessary in order to clarify and perhaps compromise on the philosophy everyone must believe in and live by. This implies that a teachers perception of teaching a particular subject such as Math reflects her own and the schools philosophy regarding the subject. Many researchers have been intensively studying young childrens mathematical development and have come to understand the developmental progression of childrens mathematical understanding (Baroody, A. J., Lai, M.-L., Mix, K.S, 2006; Clement Sarama 2007; Seo Ginsburg, 2004). In order to support early mathematical development in young children, researchers recommend that teachers (a) develop a deep understanding of the mathematical content and concepts (Baroody, et al., 2006); (b) develop an understanding of young childrens mathematical development, including the ability to take into consideration the prior knowledge of the child (Baroody et al., 2006; Clement, 2001 Clement Sarama 2007); and (c) be fluent in the classroom pedagogy that supports and fosters such development including a knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconceptions and errors (Baroody, et al., 2006; Seo Ginsburg, 2004). By increasing teachers knowledge and understanding of mathematical knowledge development, it is expected that children will also learn better and a more productive classroom atmosphere is will be created. Therefore, it is important for teachers to know how to support childrens mathematical development in the preschool classroom in order to develop effective and appropriate classroom instruction. Teachers also need to understand how children learn mathematical knowledge as well as assessing their understanding, and monitoring their progress. Apart from the information yielded by Platas (2008) work, the literature point out that preschool teachers need to have a specific level of competency in their teaching which can be measured through their knowledge and beliefs. It was found that kindergarten teachers different training experiences and school contexts have significant impacts on childrens readiness for school (Lin, Lawrence, Gorrell, 2008). This implies that the level of knowledge and beliefs of preschool teachers have been significantly influenced by their training experiences and level of education received. Preschool teachers have different views on early childhood education with some of them thinking the programs in their schools may either be too advanced or too basic. Teachers preparation for cultural diversity in preschool is important prior to creating a welcoming learning environment (Hughes, Kwok, 2007). Skills and knowledge of teachers are important considerations especially on the basic education level. Teachers gestures and utterances were found to have a significant role in childrens learning (Klerfelt, 2007, Valenzeno, Alibali, Klatzky, 2003). In preschool education, high quality teacher-child relationships are expected. Knowing how to establish such good relationships with young children implies that the preschool teacher must have substantial knowledge on relationship building in early childhood education programs (OConnor, 2010). This also suggests that the teacher is effective and knows how to infuse fun in learning. Preschool teachers must have adequate knowledge and strong beliefs in a particular subject area they are tasked to teach. They should have knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconception errors when it comes to mathematical development in young children in particular (Broody et al., 2006). A Development model that coincides with theory and research is needed to create the building blocks for early childhood mathematics (Sarama, Clements, 2004). On the other hand, a teachers belief is hard to measure but it proves a reliable measure of teachers experiences and actions (Muis, Bendixen, Haerle, 2006). For example, a teacher may believe that young children are capable of understanding quantities because she herself has been successful in teaching a preschooler the concept of quantities, of which set has more objects and which set has less. Thus, knowledge and beliefs of teachers are requirements for mathematical development in early childhood education. Education and specialized training of preschool teachers are associated with young childrens learning and development (Barnett, 2004). Evaluation of the impact of Early Childhood Education teacher preparation programs and professional development conclude that benefits of high-quality preschool education can only be achieved if teachers are professionally prepared and well-compensated (Barnett, 2004). Research shows that a well-prepared early childhood education teacher brings a warm, safe and conducive environment for learning (NAEYC, 2006). Perceptions of teacher on student-teacher quality and of childrens academic abilities proved to influence academic competence among students (Hughes, Gleason, Zhang, 2005). In addition, it is important to focus on quality of room practices, child characteristics, teachers perceptions of school-related climates and teachers perceptions of workload stress (Mantzicopoulos, 2005). It was found that the amount of teachers math-related teaching was highly associated to childrens mathematical knowledge (Klibanoff, Levine, Huttenlocher, Vasilyeva, Hedges, 2006). The attitudes of preschool teachers on early m athematics do not change as they acquired knowledge of preschool teachers (Alinsinanoglu, Guven, Kesicioglu, 2009). Teachers elementary education credentials, years of education and years of experience have complex impact to childrens learning (Connor, Son, Hundman, Morrison, 2005). All of these issues can essentially be addressed by studying further within the context, knowledge and ability of early educators for early childhood education. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study takes on Platas suggestion that more research should be done in terms of investigating preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs regarding the developmental mathematical knowledge of preschool children. In compliance with the standards of NCTM for high quality math programs, evaluation of teachers competencies should be done to ensure the quality of teaching in early childhood programs. This studys significance lies in ensuring that teachers are adequately skilled and emotionally ready to teach mathematical concepts in the preschool level. In addition, this study is a contribution to the growing body of knowledge of early childhood education. Furthermore, new information may be derived from concerned participants in this research such as fresh ideas coming from the perspective of in-service and pre-service teachers that could be helpful in improving ones performance in their jobs. Thus, the importance of pursuing this trend of thinking will highly benefit teachers in early childhood education. In particular, there is a need to publish studies such this in order to provide support and enhancement of skills to new teachers in the field. It is important to study perceptions of early childhood educators because they play a significant role in young childrens learning and development of knowledge and skills (Chien, Hui, 2010). This study will help not only teachers to better understand the learning process involved in order to maximize mathematical knowledge development of young children. It is also helpful in building a better mathematical foundation for young children. OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY Instruments to be used for this study are the instruments developed by Platas (2008) namely the Knowledge of Mathematical Development (KMD) Survey and the Beliefs survey. A demographic questionnaire gathering information about the respondents will also be distributed. The Knowledge of Mathematical Development Survey (Platas) is a set of 20 multiple-choice questions that tests teachers knowledge and development in the area of verbal counting sequence, counting, ordinal number of words, addition/subtraction, divisions of sets, written number symbols and words. In each number, the teacher-respondents are to choose which of two math skills children are likely to learn first. If the respondents think that both choices are easily learned by a child, then the choice of same may be picked. However if the respondent does not know which skill is easier for a child to learn, he or she can choose the option do not know. The Beliefs Survey is a set of 40 beliefs about Math teaching and learning. It has a 5-pt. Likert scale with responses that range from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The belief survey will evaluate the teachers perspective about 4 areas: (1) age appropriateness of mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom, (2) locus of Generation of Mathematical Knowledge, (3) Social and Emotional vs. Mathematical Development as Primary Goal of Preschool and (4) Teacher comfort in mathematics instruction. The participants involved in the study will be comprised of 200 in-service teachers and 100 pre-service teachers that will be chosen in random. Results will be analyzed using ANOVA as well as correlation analysis. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY This study will be limited to exploring the knowledge development and beliefs of pre-service and in-service preschool teachers regarding math. It will not evaluate on any other subject area. It is important to note that in terms of experience, the pre-service teachers will have no teaching experience whereas with the in-service teachers experience may range from a few months to about 20 years, depending on the sample gathered. Also, the number of in-service participants is much higher than the pre-service participants. These factors may affect the results due to this unbalance and must be taken into account when data is analyzed. Summary of Chapter 1 Mathematical learning now comes at an earlier age. Preschoolers surprisingly manifest basic mathematical knowledge even before they start school. This realization that young children can already do Math has encouraged professional organizations such as NAEYC and NCTM have come up with guidelines that Math teachers should consult and comply to in their teaching of mathematical concepts and skills. Teachers of young children have the power to influence their preschool students. Teachers should basically possess adequate knowledge and skills as well as appropriate beliefs if quality teaching is to be expected. The work of Platas (2008) entitled Measuring Teachers Knowledge of Early Mathematical Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom has been a monumental inspiration for this current study. However, this study goes beyond exploring teachers knowledge development and beliefs about Math by comparing knowledge development and beliefs of in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. It is presumed that the element of experience will play a significant role in either strengthening or modifying teachers knowledge and beliefs about Math in early childhood education.

Crimes Against Children

Crimes Against Children Child abuse has been a major social concern only since the 1950s but adults have victimized children throughout history. Children are the most vulnerable of all groups which is why child abuse victims are of great concern to society. There are different forms of crimes against children, child abuse, physical or sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. Child abuse is the neglect of or violence against children. From 1998 to 2000, 367,000 children were harmed by their parents.Physical abuse includes intentionally beating, biting, burning, strangling, hitting, kicking or shaking a child. In the 1060s the term â€Å"battered child syndrome† was coined. This is a condition where a child suffers serious physical injury usually inflicted by their parents or caregiver. Sexual abuse of children is particularly offensive and is the least commonly reported form of family violence. Unfortunately child sex abusers are family members and friends or neighbors of the victim. In many cases the child has a trusting relationship with the abuser.Emotional abuse is more subtle and involves power or control to harm the victim’s sense of self. Tactics such as verbal threats, social isolation, intimidation, exploitation, terrorizing a child or exposing him to family violence all serve to diminish a child’s self-worth and can cause impaired psychological growth. Child neglect is the chronic and repetitive failure to provide children with food, clothing, shelter, medical care or protection from harm. It constitutes the largest category of child abuse offenders.Fifty-two percent of all child abuse cases in the Unites States involve neglect. Parental alcoholism, drug problems and other inadequate social and family functions are among the factors affecting the child’s response to victimization. More needs to be learned about the long term consequences of childhood victimization. This article discusses what is known from past studies and also present finding of more recent research. Child maltreatment has physical, psychological, cognitive and behavioral consequences.These include minor injuries to brain damage and even death, low self- esteem, depression, substance abuse and suicide attempt. Cognitive effects include attention problems, learning disorders and poor school performance. Behavior issues range from poor peer relations to physical aggression to violent behavior. Males and females react differently to abuse. Males tend to externalize their feeling and are more likely to develop conduct disorders, while females tend to internalize their feelings leading to depressive disorders.Practices of the community and the justice and social services systems may have long-term effects. Children who are members of racial or ethnic minorities often meet with discrimination. Researches have suggested that victimized children are more likely to develop behavior problems in adolescence and may be labeled juvenile offender s. Abused and neglected children score lower on IQ tests and usually fail to complete school which leads to menial and unskilled jobs. Interpersonal relationships are also affected by child maltreatment.Frequent divorce and separation are more common in abused and neglected people. Childhood abuse also increases the risk of being arrested for violent crime. The psychological and emotional fallout for abused children include suicide attempts, antisocial personality disorder and alcohol abuse or dependency. Abused and neglected children may exhibit aggressiveness and behavior problems in childhood, delinquency in adolescence and antisocial and criminal behavior in adulthood.These children, as adults, may be more prone to become abusive themselves. Recent research indicates that child neglect especially at an early age causes substantial problems. Some forms of early neglect lead to â€Å"severe, chronic and irreversible damage†. There are many mechanisms by which abuse and negl ect affect a child but finding a single mechanism that explains all cases of abuse and neglect is highly unlikely. Both the textbook and the journal article agree that childhood abuse causes substantial problems later in life.

Fashion Film

Rules and Regulations As fashion film is a new addition to the fashion installment, there aren't any specific rules and regulations that the filmmakers have to follow because fashion is all about expressing opinions, feelings etc. However there are a few ethics that they should be aware of, with any film such as violence, drug abuse, discrimination etc. The filmmakers need to be aware of these ethics because the last thing you want the film to do is offend anyone because then the company, or in this case designer, could get a bad reputation and not become successful.Other things that should be considered when putting together a fashion show is the location because you want the show to be memorable to the audience and a unique location will help make it more memorable. The set is another important thing to think about because if there is a theme such as ‘nature' being carried out though the fashion then you'll want to back that up with a nature themed set; this will also make it more memorable to the audience.Seating should be considered because you want the audience to have a perfect view of the fashion and the film hat they will be seeing though out the show so that they can fully take in what they will be seeing. Lights are an important part of a fashion show because you want the catwalk to be lit up perfectly so the audience can see the clothes perfectly especially if there is any fine detail in the clothes.Music is something to consider because this can really add on to the theme of the show and create the sense of escapism that some audiences crave for; for example if there is a nature theme in your show then it could be a good idea to add some slow classic music with some wildlife sounds. The air and make up of the models is key to a fashion show because this can complete the look of the whole fashion show and really enhance the theme of the fashion show. One fashion show that really has been thought out to every detail is the Alexander Macaque show Homeowners SIS 10 in Paris.The title of the show was ‘Plat's Atlantis' and was inspired by concepts of environmental destruction, stem-cell technology, ‘mutation of the fittest' and the underwater kingdom of Atlantis. The location of this fashion show is unknown but it was performed in Paris during Fashion Week at the end of October 2010. I would hold my fashion show in Paris because it is considered the fashion capital of the world. Paris is a great place to hold a fashion show because the fashion history is so strong compared to other cities like London or Tokyo.The set of the fashion show consists of a very long, white, wide catwalk to represent a laboratory to expand the theme of Stem Cell Technology; there was also a 60 foot LED screen at the back to display the fashion film and two twenty foot robotic cameras along side of the catwalk where one of the cameras displayed the footage it was getting onto the giant screen. I really liked this set because it enhanced th e theme of a laboratory really well from the Petri dish like catwalk, the fashion on the models making them appear to be the experiments in the lab and the cameras acting like the scientists observing what was going on.The lighting used for this show was simple and even, this allowed the audience in the fashion show to see each outfit perfectly. This is a great way to install lights and I would defiantly use it in a fashion show because it doesn't take the attention of the viewers away from the fashion. The music for this fashion show sounds like it would e played in an opening scene for a blockbuster movie set underwater; it contains a lot of heavy synchs and long slow drums.I like this music and would use it in a fashion show because it adds to the theme of the show ‘Atlantis' and gives the audience a sense of escapism. To be able to broadcast my fashion film with music, I need to follow the rules set by The I-J Copyright Service. The law set by them states 1. Using the work of others If you use samples of music by other authors in your work, ensure that you get permission to use the work before you attempt to publish or sell your work. Similarly, f you use loops or samples available via sample collections etc. Ensure that these are licensed as free to use, or obtain permission first. 2. Obtaining permission If you need to get permission to use a piece of music, normally the best place to start is with the last know publisher for the work. They will certainly know how to get permission to use the work, (as they must have permission themselves), so they will certainly know who you would need to contact. If the work is by an U. S. Artist, you could contact the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, IBM (Broadcast Music, IncBand members agreements Where music is written as a group effort, we recommend that you draw up an agreement to clarify issues, such as which rights belong to which member, and how royalties would be distributed in the event that members of your group leave. For successful commercial bands, incorporation is also an option. As with a normal incorporated company, the band members would own shares in the band/company. In this situation, a band member would typically sell his shares to the other members if he decided to leave. This states that I need to obtain permission by the DC/Producer that produced this song.

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley The society in "Brave New World", by Aldous Huxley, is exceptionally different from society today. Acts that are accepted in today's society are frowned upon in the society Huxley creates, such as, worshipping God, and marriage. Science and technology rule the society in Brave New World, and due to this, society is incredibly efficient and productive. One might see the society in Brave New World as improved and beneficial, but despite the benefits, freedom is extremely limited in this society. Some may believe that the losing of freedom is worth gaining the safety, happiness, and stability of Huxley's society, whereas others do not feel that giving up their freedom is worth what Huxley's society has to offer. The type of society that would be prefered depends on what is valued most, safety and stability, or freedom and individuality. Different types of people would choose differently but it seems that nothing is worth giving up your freedom or individuality.Huxley and Arnold family t ree. It is incomplete.We have drugs and alcohol which is very similar to their 'soma'.Aldous Huxley prospects the idea of having a sex ridden society, in which sex is a normal thing and not considered to be something that happens in an intimate relationship between two people. The civilization which exists today is very close to being an Aldous Huxley 'Nightmare'.It is hard to believe that an idea presented seventy five years ago is in fact a disturbing reflection of our own society. Our era has, yet so far not reached the stage of 'Brave New World' but we are still unsettling societies which will soon attain the rule of 'Brave New World'.The opinion of Aldous Huxley in his book has shown that he wrote a satirical novel about the future, showing the appalingness of a utopia and outlining the affects on thought...

Free Essays on Astrophel And Stella

. Astrophel studied the poems of other writers and tries to find a way for himself to write a poem that honestly expresses his feelings. (â€Å"Studying inuentions fine, her wits to entertaine, / Oft turning other leaues, to ... Free Essays on Astrophel And Stella Free Essays on Astrophel And Stella Which is the main topic of Sir Philip Sidney ´s sonnet â€Å"Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show† ? Sir Philip Sidney gave this poem, which first line is â€Å"Louing in trueth and fayne in verse my loue to show† , the title „Astrophel and Stellaâ€Å". Astrophel is the name of the main character, the writer himself. He loves a woman called Stella and writes this poem for her to declare his love in it. But what is the main topic of his poem ? Is it really only to tell Stella about his love ? Or is it his desparate desperate to put his love in words ? Having a closer look to the poem, I will find this out in the following. Stella, the woman Astrophel adores, is married to another man. Therefore she is not available for him. But as he is not able to just switch off his feelings, he wants to write them down. But already in the first verse there is a hint that it doesn ´t come easily to him: â€Å"Louing in trueth and fayne in verse my loue to show† (line 1) . â€Å"Fayne† just means that he is trying and really desiring to bring his thoughts to paper but that he doesn ´t manage it so far. Although Stella is married Astrophel doesn ´t stop hoping. If he just succeeded in writing her a poem and if she liked it then maybe she would also fall in love with him. (â€Å"Pleasure might cause her reade, reading might make her know.† (line 3) ). He even goes that far: Knowing about his feelings would cause her feeling pity for him and she would stay with him because of pity or grace. (â€Å"Knowledge might pittie winne, and pity grace obtaine.† (line 4) ). But he only can think about such things and doesn ´t know how it really would be, as long as he cannot solve his actual problem: Put his feelings in words. Astrophel studied the poems of other writers and tries to find a way for himself to write a poem that honestly expresses his feelings. (â€Å"Studying inuentions fine, her wits to entertaine, / Oft turning other leaues, to ...

International Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Financial Management - Assignment Example Pertaining to planned investments in South Africa by Neptune, this report outlines the possible threats of local firms’ resistance and how Neptune might respond to them. Finally, the report outlines the effects of currency variation of citing production abroad, if Neptune let sales in South Africa to be in Rand. Effects of the Possibility that the United States will take Action to reduce its Current Account Deficit on Neptune The current account deficit refers to a situation where the total imports into a country exceed the total exports (RupyaGyan, 2013). Reduction of the current account deficit means a reduction in the quantity and value of imports and an increase in the quantity and value of exports. The major aim of this move is to encourage and promote exports while protecting local firms of a country. However, it should be noted that a switch in expenditure from foreign to home goods reduces foreign income (Jones, 2003, p, 641). For instance, For instance, industrial cou ntries sought to reduce their current account deficits by reducing oil imports or increasing their exports to other countries. As exports increase, current account deficit reduces (Siddaiah, 2010, p, 71). The possibility that the United States will take action to reduce its current account deficit will pose various effects on Neptune Plc. ... Effects on Neptune Plc if it continues to Export Water Pumps to the United States If the United States’ government takes action to reduce its current account deficit, then the government’s main objective will be to reduce imports to its country and increase its exports. Most governments use the policy of reduction of the current account deficit to divert the expenditure of consumers away from imports and direct it towards home produced goods. Countries limit imports to reduce current account deficit (Neave, 2009, p, 301).This means that, as United States’ residents turn their attention to home produced water pumps, they will spend more in purchasing American manufactured water pumps and spends less in buying foreign manufactured water pumps that have been exported to the United States. Consequently, the demand for foreign manufactured water pumps, Neptune Plc’s water pumps being among the category is likely to reduce drastically. This is because Neptune Pl c manufactures water pumps in Europe and exports to the United States of America. Consequently, this will lead to a decrease in profits because sales shall have decreased because of that scenario. The possible ways that the United States’ Government can use to reduce the current account deficit include demand-switching policies, foreign goods demand reducing policies and supply side policies (Gillespie, 201, p, 493). The use of tariff levies means that the United States’ Government will impose tax on imports. Definitely, imports’ prices will go up. This is because foreign companies that export goods to the United States, Neptune Plc being one of them, will raise prices of their water pumps to maintain their profit levels. As the prices of

Should Euthanasia be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Euthanasia be legalized - Essay Example Involuntary euthanasia is considered as murder in most countries. This can be said to be euthanasia performed to a person who was able to provide consent on whether he chooses to die or not. As much as this practice has come to form part of some countries in the world, in most countries of the world it is illegal and many are yet to embrace the positive sides of euthanasia. Euthanasia is a term that was first applied in the 17th century, and the term was used to refer to a quick and painless death. Towards the approach of the 21century, more countries got to embrace this as it proved to be a solution towards illness related issues. The act became in the light of many critics including religions like Christianity. According to the Bible, God is the Supreme Being and the giver of life, and from this angle most of church faithful has argued that no man has the authority over the life of another. Euthanasia as a practice is known to be administered to patients who have suffered long illn esses and do not seem to show any form of improvements. The type of illnesses euthanasia is administered are mostly terminal illnesses. A terminal illness is an illness which when one develops, he then has no chance to recover. Definition of terminal illness in a country like Netherlands is that terminal illness is a ‘concrete expectancy of death’, Some countries like Oregon has further illustrated the definition of terminal illness as that illness within reasonable judgments will produce death within six months, this is to state that with terminal illness, death is inevitable. When one suffers from terminal illnesses like cancer or a heart related illness, there are many implications in relation to what he goes through. A family member who develops a terminal condition goes through many hardships which are related to the illness he has, this is in relation to fear of his or her life ending, pain and constant stress. Chemotherapy is a cancer related treatment. In this t ype of treatment, chemicals are used as medication. This treatment is used in cancer treatment as a way of destroying cancerous cells. It is also meant as a way of ensuring that cancerous cells do not spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy treatment has been known to be effective in some cases around the world. One disadvantage of this type of treatment is that it is very expensive and not many people can afford it. Chemotherapy has long term and short term effects that a patient may face. Short time effects are such as constant dizziness, constipation, and nausea and general discomfort. The long term disadvantages are that the treatment is time consuming and there are always a risk of the cancerous cells regenerating after the treatment is through. It is for these drastic effects of terminal illnesses that some countries chose to embrace euthanasia as the way out. Spending all of the family money on one member of the family is a decision that can be said to be dangerous in relation to the well being of the other family members. The attempt to treat a family member diagnosed with cancer has been known to put families in tough financial situations. As much as one would give anything for a family member to get better, considerations should always be taken regarding how the remaining members are to continue living. Persistent vegetative state is a condition which is known to be one with both ethical and medical